Glossary P
Pacing
The speed or rhythm at which a story or scene unfolds, often used to create tension or suspense.
Pantheism
A religious or philosophical belief that identifies the divine or spiritual within all aspects of the natural world.
Parables
Short stories or allegories that convey moral or spiritual lessons through metaphor and symbolism.
Paradox
A statement or situation that contains contradictory or seemingly impossible elements.
Paradoxical expression understanding
The ability to comprehend and interpret expressions or statements that contain contradictory or seemingly impossible elements.
Paradoxical statement
A statement that contradicts itself but still holds some truth.
Paradoxical thinking
A type of thinking that involves holding two seemingly contradictory ideas or beliefs at the same time.
Parody
A humorous imitation of a work of art, often exaggerating or mocking its style or content.
Past events
Events that have already occurred and are no longer happening in the present.
Pathetic fallacy
The attribution of human emotions and traits to inanimate objects or nature.
Pathos
An appeal to the reader’s emotions to create a connection with the text.
Perception
The way in which something is interpreted or understood by an individual.
Perfect form
A poem that adheres to strict rules of meter, rhyme, and structure.
Perfect Society
An idealized vision of a society that is free from conflict, inequality, and other social problems.
Performance
The act of presenting or executing a work of art, such as a play, musical composition, or dance.
Personal anecdote
A brief, personal story used to illustrate a point or convey a message.
Personal experience
An event or series of events that an individual has lived through and can draw upon for writing.
Personality traits
The distinguishing qualities or characteristics of an individual’s personality.
Personalization
The use of personal experiences or emotions in a poem.
Personal narrative
A story told from the author’s own perspective, often based on personal experiences.
Personal stories
Narratives based on the author’s own experiences and observations.
Personal storytelling
The use of personal experiences and anecdotes to convey a message or theme in a piece of writing.
Personification
A literary device in which non-human objects or animals are given human characteristics or qualities.
Personification giving human qualities to non-human things
A literary device in which non-human objects or animals are given human characteristics or qualities.
Perspective
The point of view or attitude from which a piece of writing is presented.
Petrarchan sonnet
A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and structure.
Phonetic elements
The individual sounds that make up words, including consonants and vowels.
Phonetic imitation
The act of mimicking speech sounds to improve pronunciation.
Phonetic patterns
The repetition of sounds or syllables in words to create a specific effect, such as alliteration or assonance.
Phonetic repetition
The intentional repetition of sounds, such as consonants or vowels, for emphasis or effect in a poem.
Phonetics
The study of speech sounds and their production.
Phonetic similarity patterns
The use of words with similar sounds, such as alliteration or assonance, in a poem.
Phonological features
The study of the sound system of a language, including phonemes, syllables, and stress patterns.
Phonosemantics
The study of how sounds in language convey meaning.
Photographs and illustrations
Visual aids used to enhance written communication.
Plosives
Consonant sounds produced by a sudden release of air, such as “p,” “b,” and “t.”
Plot
The sequence of events that make up a story, including the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
Plot development
The progression of a story’s events and characters, including the introduction of conflict and resolution.
Plot device
Plot device – A literary technique used to advance the plot, such as a cliffhanger or deus ex machina.
Plot structure
The organization and development of a story’s events, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
Plot structure evaluation
The analysis and assessment of the organization and development of a story’s plot.
Plot twists
Unexpected changes in the direction or outcome of a story that surprise and engage the reader.
Plot twists – Unexpected changes to the storyline which can create new tensions for protagonists/antagonists
Plot twists – Unexpected changes to the storyline which can create new tensions for protagonists/antagonists.
Poetic composition
The process of creating a poem, including drafting, revising, and editing.
Poetic Devices
Poetic Devices – Techniques used in poetry to create a desired effect, such as rhyme, meter, and imagery.
Poetic devices overview
An introduction to the various techniques used in poetry to create meaning and enhance the reader’s experience.
Poetic expression
The use of language to convey emotion, imagery, and meaning in poetry.
Poetic form
The specific type or style of poem, such as sonnet, haiku, or free verse.
Poetic language
Language that is elevated, imaginative, and often metaphorical.
Poetic language techniques
The use of literary devices, such as metaphor, simile, and personification, in poetry.
Poetic meter
The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem.
Poetic structure
The organization and arrangement of a poem’s lines, stanzas, and other elements.
Poetic techniques
Literary devices used in poetry, such as rhyme, meter, and imagery.
Poetry
A form of literature that uses language to evoke emotion and imagery.
Poetry analysis
The examination and interpretation of a poem’s meaning, structure, and language.
Poetry forms
Different structures and styles of poetry, such as sonnets, haikus, and free verse.
Poetry structure
The organization and arrangement of lines, stanzas, and other elements in a poem.
Point of view
The perspective from which a story is told.
Point-of-view- Perspective from which narrative is told (first-person/third-person)
Point-of-view – The perspective from which a narrative is told, such as first-person or third-person.
Politeness
The act of showing respect and consideration towards others in communication.
Politeness in language
The use of language that is respectful and considerate towards others.
Politeness strategies
Techniques used to show respect and deference to others in communication.
Politeness theory
The study of how people use language to maintain social harmony and avoid conflict.
Political correctness
The use of language and behavior that avoids offense towards marginalized groups.
Political satire
The use of humor and irony to criticize political or social issues.
Political systems
The structures and institutions that govern and regulate political activity within a society.
Polysemy
Polysemy – The ability of a word or phrase to have multiple meanings or interpretations.
Pop culture phenomena
References to popular culture in literature.
Popularity
The degree to which a piece of writing or author is widely read or recognized.
Positive interactions
Communication exchanges that promote mutual understanding and respect between individuals.
Positive language
Language that is optimistic, encouraging, and focuses on strengths rather than weaknesses.
Postmodernism
A literary movement that challenges traditional narrative structures and conventions.
Postscript
A note or message added at the end of a letter or document.
Postscript usage
The addition of a note or message at the end of a letter or document.
Power dynamics
The relationships and interactions between individuals or groups that involve the exercise of power and influence.
Praise verse
A poem that expresses admiration or appreciation for a person, place, or thing.
Preface
An introductory section of a book that provides context or background information for the reader.
Professionalism
The conduct, behavior, and communication style expected in a professional setting.
Professionalism in speech
The use of language and communication that is appropriate and respectful in a professional setting.
Prologue
An introductory section of a literary work that provides background information or sets the stage for the story.
Propaganda
Information or messaging designed to influence or manipulate public opinion, often with a political or ideological agenda.
Prose
Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.
Prosody
The study of the rhythm, meter, and intonation of poetry.
Prosody assessment
The evaluation of a poem’s rhythm, meter, and sound patterns.
Protagonist
The main character in a literary work.
Proto-language
Proto-language – A hypothetical, reconstructed language that is the ancestor of a group of related languages.
Proverb
Proverb – A short, traditional saying that expresses a common truth or piece of advice.
Psychological depth
The complexity and depth of a character’s inner thoughts and emotions.
Psychological persuasion techniques
Methods used to influence the reader’s thoughts or actions.
Psychological projection
The use of a character’s thoughts and emotions to reveal deeper aspects of their personality and psyche.
Psychological realism
The portrayal of characters’ inner thoughts, emotions, and motivations in a realistic manner.
Psychological terror
The use of fear and psychological manipulation to create a sense of horror or suspense in a work of literature.
Psychological triggers
Words or phrases that evoke an emotional response in the reader.
Pun
A play on words that uses multiple meanings or sounds of a word for humorous effect.
Punctuation
The use of marks such as commas, periods, and dashes to clarify meaning and structure in writing.